文章主要分析了通胀率高低与经济发展的关系，进一步说明四方(乃至世界)经济结构出现了重大变化。对于广大考生而言，题材专业性较强，难度较大。作为阅读的第一篇文章，在长难句方面，文章难度也略高，重点是要对长难句进行断句，找到句子的主干，辨识出不同形式的定语、同位语和状语方法。下面就其中的5个句子进行详解：

　　【例句分析】本句是一个简单句，主干是Much of the language makes it sound like a precise science. used to describe monetary policy是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰language;such as “steering the economy to a soft landing” or “a touch on the brakes”是同位语，解释language。

　　【例句译文】用于描述货币政策的许多语言，如“引导经济软着陆”、“给经济踩刹车”，使得货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。

　　【典型例句2】Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.

　　【例句分析】本句是一个省略句，完整部分是Hence there is the analogy that…，其中that引导定语从句，修饰analogy。定语从句中，with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear view mirror and a faulty steering wheel是介词短语做后置定语，修饰car。

　　【例句译文】因此，有了这样的类比：施行货币政策就像是在驾驶一辆挡风玻璃被涂黑、后视镜破裂、方向盘失灵的汽车。

　　【典型例句3】Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July.

　　【例句分析】本句的主干是Average inflation fell to a mere 2.3%。in the big seven industrial economies是介词短语做后置定语，修饰average inflation;last year是时间状语;close to its lowest level in 30 years是形容词短语做后置定语，修饰2.3%;before rising slightly to 2.5% this July是介词短语做时间状语。

　　【例句译文】七大工业国去年的平均通胀率降至仅2.3%，接近三十年来最低水平，今年7月略微升高到2.5%。

　　【典型例句4】America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.

　　【例句分析】本句是一个并列句，分句1的主干是America’s capacity utilization hit historically high levels，earlier this year是时间状语;分句2的主干是its jobless rate(5.6% in August) has fallen bellow most estimates，of the natural rate of unemployment是介词短语做后置定语，修饰estimates，the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past是同位语，解释说明natural rate，其中包含below which引导的定语从句。

　　【例句译文】美国的产能利用率在今年早些时候达到了历史最高水平，失业率(八月份为5.6%)已降到低于大多数对自然失业率的估测——过去，当失业率低于自然失业率时，通胀率早已迅速攀升。

　　【典型例句5】Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

　　【例句分析】本句的主干是Some economists argue that…，that引导宾语从句。宾语从句的主干是powerful structural changes have up-ended the old economic models，that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation是定语从句，修饰old economic models。

　　【例句译文】一些经济学家认为，世界范围内经济结构的巨大变化已经颠覆了以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的就有经济模式。

　　各位同学在今后的学习中，应该加大长难句练习，以句子为单位综合掌握词汇、语法和翻译方法。此外，如果时间充足的话，可以多读一些外国核心期刊文章，如《经济学人》、《华盛顿邮报》和《时代周刊》等，积累英语国家新闻中的常用表达。