一、何谓主语从句
在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。具体结构为:引导词引导一个从句作主语;或者it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句。
二、解构主语从句
1. 引导词引导一个从句作主语
引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词:that,whether,关系代词:who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever;关系副词:when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。例如:
That (从属连词)you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢他不管我的事。
Whether(从属连词) the football game will be played depends on the weather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。
What(关系代词)he said is true. 他说的是真的。
Where(关系副词)his father has gone is not known yet. 他的爸爸去了哪儿,还不知道。
2. it作形式主语+谓语/系表结构+引导词+从句
如果主语从句太长,为避免句子结构头重脚轻,我们可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替,that 不可省略。例如:
用it作形式主语的结构:
(1)It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It’s natural that… 很自然…… It’s obvious that … 显而易见……
It’s fortunate that … 幸运的是 It’s (im)possible…(不)可能……
It’s unlikely that… 不可能 It’s strange that…奇怪的是……
(2)It is/was +名词+that 从句
It’s a pity that… 遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……
It’s good news that…是好消息…… It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……
It’s an honour that… 非常荣幸…… It’s a shame that…真是可耻……
It’s common knowledge that … 是常识…
(3)It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that… 似乎…… It happened that…碰巧……
It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果……
(4)It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s not known that… ……不得而知 It’s said that… 据说……
It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that… 据认为…… It’s announced that…据宣布……
It suddenly struck me (occur to me that… 我突然想到(感觉到)……
(5)其他
It doesn’t matter … 是无关紧要的
It makes no difference …毫无区别……
It is of little consequence that…无关紧要
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯这样的错误是令人遗憾的事。
It's strange that he didn't come yesterday. 他昨天没来是很奇怪的。
It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.据报导非洲野生动物的数量正在减少。
It is said that there was a terrible plane crash this morning.据说今天早上有一起可怕的飞机坠毁事故。