在英语知识运用(完型填空)当中,经常会考到一些词汇辨析。由于这些词汇在意思或拼写上比较相似,通常会误导考生,给他们的解题过程造成不小的麻烦,因此笔者在此对部分容易造成考生困惑的词汇(词组)进行归纳和总结,希望广大考生能有所裨益。
fac, fact, fec, fic, fit, fea, fig = make, do 制造,做
manufacture
助记:manu(手)+ fact(做)+ ure→用手做→制造,加工
释义:n. 制造业,产品;v. 加工,制造
举例:
1. These new orders for our manufactures will mean working overtime.
这些订购我们产品的新订单意味着要加班。
2. We manufacture various types of machine tools.
我公司生产各种型号的机床。
facilitate
助记:fac(做)+ ilitate(能够)→使能够做→使容易
释义:v. 使容易,使便利,促进
举例:
1. The new underground railway will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city.
新的地下铁路将为去城市的任何地方提供方便。
2. Friendly contacts between different peoples facilitate the cultural and economic interchange.
各国人民的友好接触促进了文化和经济交流。
defect
助记:de(向下)+ fect(做)→没做好→缺陷
释义:n. 缺陷,缺点
举例:
A report has pointed out the defects of the present system.
一份报告指出了现有体制的缺陷。
infection
助记:in(向内)+ fec(做)+ tion(名词后缀)→做进去→传染进去→感染
释义:n. 传染,感染,影响
举例:
1. Air, water, clothing and insects are all means of infection.
空气、水、衣服、及昆虫都会成为疾病的传染媒介。
2. The book has a long infection on readers.
这本书对读者产生了长远影响。
profit
助记:pro(前,向前)+ fit(制造,做)→向前地做→做得好→利润
释义:n. 利润,利益;v. 有利于;获利
举例:
1. You can improve your chances of profit by sensible planning.
你可以通过合理的计划增加盈利的机会。
2. No one was profiting inordinately from the war effort.
没有人在从战争中发大财。
feature
助记:fea(做)+ ture(名词词根,表一般状态,行为)→做事的状态→做事的特征
释义:n. 面貌,特征
举例:
1. Wet weather is a feature of life in this area.
天气潮湿是这个地区生活的一个特征。
2. His features seemed to change.
他的容貌似乎变了。
easible
助记:f + easi(看做easy容易的)+ ble→容易做到的→可行的
释义:a. 可行的,切实可行的
举例:
It is not feasible to build sea defenses to protect against erosion.
修筑海堤防止侵蚀是不可行的。
defeat
助记:de(下,向下)+ feat(来自于beat:打)→打下去→打倒,打败
释义:n./v.击败,战胜,失败,挫败
举例:
1. The most important thing is not to admit defeat until you really have to.
最重要的事就是非到不得已不要认输。
2. His guerrillas defeated the colonial army in 1954.
他的游击队在1954年打败了殖民军。
figure
助记:fig(做)+ ure(名词后缀,表结果,状态)→做出来的状态→形象
释义:n. 数字,人物,体形,轮廓,插图; v. 描述,计算,猜想,出现
举例:
1. I like the color of the hat instead of its figure.
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色,但我不喜欢它的形状。
2. How do you figure that?
你如何料到的?
ced, ceed, cess = go 行走
ancestor
助记:anc(先前)+ ces(来自于cess:走)+ tor(…人,…物)→先前走的人→祖先,祖宗
释义:n. 祖先,祖宗
举例:
People who share an ancestor are called relatives.
有着同一个祖先的人叫亲戚。
exceed
助记:ex(出)+ ceed(走)→走出→越出,超过
释义:v. 超越,超出
举例:
He accepts that he was exceeding the speed limit.
他承认他当时超过了速限。
proceed
助记:pro(前,向前)+ ceed(走,前进)→向前走→进行,继续下去
释义:v. 继续进行,前进
举例:
He proceeded to tell me of my birth.
他接着给我讲了我的出生。
access
助记:ac(一再)+ cess(行,走)→走过来→接近,进入
释义:n. 接近,入口,通道,[计]存取
举例:
This is the only means of access to the building.
这是进入这栋楼的唯一入口。
successive
助记:suc(随后)+cess(行走,前进)+ive……的→随后跟上→连续的
释义:a. 继承的, 连续的
举例:
Jackson was the winner for a second successive year.
杰克逊是连续第二年的获胜者。
duc, duct = lead 引导
deduction
助记:de(向下)+duce(引导,带来)+tion表名词→向下引→演绎,推论;扣除,减去,扣除额
释义:n. 减除,扣除,推论,演绎
举例:
1. tax deductions
税金扣除额
2. Your deduction is definitely unreasonable.
你的推论无疑是不合理的。
introduction
助记:intro(向内,入内,进入)+ duce(引导,带来)+tion表名词→向下引→介绍,引入
释义:n. 介绍,引入
举例:
1. There is an introduction about Norway in this magazine.
这本杂志里有一篇关于挪威的介绍文章。
2. There are two among their recent introductions that have greatly impressed me.
他们最新引进的产品中有两件给我留下了深刻的印象。
reduction
助记:re(往回)+ duce(引导,带来)+tion表名词→往回引→减少,缩减
释义:n. 减少,缩减
举例:
Can you give me a 5% reduction?
你能给我打九五折吗?
misconduct
助记:mis(mis错误,厌恶,错过)+con(共同)+ duce(引导,带来)→错误引导大家→干坏事
释义:n. 不正当的行为;v. 干坏事
举例:
1. A psychologist was found guilty of serious professional misconduct yesterday.
昨天一名心理学家被判严重的失职罪。
2. These men misconducted themselves in the hall with talking to many women loudly.
这些人在大厅里和许多女士大声讲话,行为不检点。