英语的最基本的结构是主、谓结构，倒装就是将这种比较固定的词序加以颠倒。英语的倒装结构分为两种：完全倒装和部分倒装。完全倒装即指整个谓语动词被放在主语的前面。在此和大家分享一下“完全倒装的常见结构”，以帮助大家很快识别倒装并还原。

　　常见的完全倒装结构：

　　(1) 副词here, there, then, now, next,等至于句首时：

　　Your turn comes now.Now comes your turn.

　　Edward and his wife came next.Next came Edward and his wife.

　　A ticket for you is here.Here is a ticket for you.

　　Notes: 主语为代词时，不用倒装

　　He comes now. Now he comes.

　　(2) 表地点的介词短语置于句首时：

　　An old man sat in front of the house.In front of the house sat an old man.

　　A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.

　　Some students are sitting under the tree.

Under the tree are sitting some students.

　　Notes: 主语为代词时，不用倒装

　　He came in again.In he came again.

　　He sat in front of the house.In front of the house he sat.

　　(3) 方位副词off, away, up, in, down等至于句首时：

　　The horse went off.Off went the horse.

　　The prices went up.Up went the prices.

　　The bird flew away.Away flew the bird.

　　Notes: 主语为代词时，不用倒装

　　(4) 形容词/形容词短语/现在分词短语/过去分词短语做句子的表语位于句首时：(此时句中的谓语动词往往是系动词，包括be动词，持续系动词：keep, remain, stay等，感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste，变化系动词：become, go, get等。)

　　Mr. White and many other friends were present at the meeting.Present at the meeting were Mr. White and many other friends.

　　A boy was lying on the floor.Lying on the floor was a boy.

　　接下来，给大家列举几个考研真题的例句，检测大家是否能一眼识别完全倒装结构：

　　a. Implicit within Taylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. (2013年英译汉)

　　分析：这里是完全倒装，倒装结构是上述的(4)：形容词短语(implicit within Taylor’s definition)作表语置于句首。

　　译文：泰勒对文化的定义隐含这样一层意思，即文化是一种学习、交流和模式化的行为。

　　b. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. (1997年阅读)

　　分析：这里是完全倒装，倒装结构是上述的(2)：表地点的介词短语(at the core of this debate)置于句首。

　　译文：这场争论的核心人物是现年56岁的主席Gerald Levin。他于1992年接替已故的Steve Ross。

　　c. Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.

　　分析：这里是完全倒装，倒装结构是上述的(4)：现在分词短语(emerging from the 1980 census)作表语置于句首。

　　译文：1980年的人口普查显示，随着东北部和中西部人口发展几乎停顿，国家形成越来越多的地方性竞争。

　　以上便是英语的完全倒装及其常见的结构。倒装结构是考研英语难点之一，了解和掌握常见的倒装结构，可以帮助大家很快识别长难句中的倒装并还原为正常语序，从而肃清句子理解的障碍。