Massacre shakes French capital

　　导读：11月13日晚，法国巴黎遭遇严重恐怖袭击，造成132人死亡，400多人受伤。法国总统弗朗索瓦•奥朗德召开紧急会议并发表电视讲话，宣布全国进入紧急状态，呼吁法国上下保持冷静，团结和坚强。奥朗德誓言，法国将“无情地”打击恐怖分子。

　　On Nov 13, the French capital suffered the worst terror attack of any major European city since the 2004 Madrid train bombings. At least three groups of attackers armed with automatic weapons and suicide bomber vests targeted innocent civilians. They opened fire at street-side cafes, restaurants and a popular concert hall, and they tried to break into a soccer stadium, where French officials were watching a match. The attackers killed at least 132 people and wounded more than 400, French authorities have said.

　　11月13日，法国首都经历了2004年马德里火车爆炸案以来欧洲城市遭遇的最严重的一起恐怖袭击。最少有三伙配备自动武器和自杀性炸弹背心的袭击者参与了这次针对平民的暴行。他们向路边的咖啡馆、餐馆和流行音乐厅开枪，他们试图闯入体育馆，当时法国政府官员正在馆内观看比赛。法国官方证实，袭击者至少杀害了132人，造成400多人受伤。

　　“It is an act of war that was committed by a terrorist army, a jihadist army, Daesh, against France,” French president Francois Hollande declared. Daesh is another name for the terrorist group Islamic State, also called ISIS and ISIL. Hollande also declared a national state of emergency and three days of mourning. As retaliation, France sent warplanes to strike Islamic State militants in Syria on Nov 15.

　　法国总统弗朗瓦索•奥朗德说：“这是由伊斯兰圣战军，‘伊斯兰国’武装恐怖分子对法国实施的战争行为。”恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”也叫达伊沙，或简称为ISIS、ISIL。奥朗德还宣布法国全国进入紧急状态，并哀悼3天。11月15日，法国战机对“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚的目标实施空袭作为回击。

　　The attacks come at a time when France and other European countries are already fearful of “violent jihadists radicalized by the conflicts in Syria and elsewhere”, said The New York Times.

　　《纽约时报》说，这次袭击发生在法国和欧洲其他国家惧怕“叙利亚和中东其他地方冲突激化暴力圣战”的关头。

　　France stepped up its participation in the military air campaign in Syria at the end of September, according to The New York Times.

　　据《纽约时报》消息，今年9月底，法国参与了在叙利亚的军事行动。

　　The Paris attacks are the latest events to suggest that the Islamic State’s regional war in Syria and Iraq has transformed into a global one. On Nov 12, more than 40 people were killed in Beirut, Lebanon, in a similar suicide bombing. Earlier this month, more than 200 people died in the explosion of a Russian plane over Egypt. The Islamic States claimed responsibility for both events.

　　巴黎恐怖袭击是最新迹象，表明“伊斯兰国”在叙利亚和伊拉克的地区战争正在演变为全球战争。11月12日，黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特发生了一起自杀性爆炸，造成40多人死亡。本月初，一架俄罗斯飞机在埃及爆炸，造成了200多人死亡。“伊斯兰国”宣布对上述两个事件负责。

　　The threat of the Islamic State was the focus in a summit meeting of leaders from the Group of 20 (G20) nations that started on Nov 15 in Turkey. A New York Times analysis said that the recent terrorist attacks might prompt the US and its Western allies to adopt a more aggressive strategy toward the Islamic State. The Obama administration has authorized air strikes in Syria and sent small teams of troops as advisers to forces fighting on the ground against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. But Obama has strongly resisted sending more troops to the region to avoid repeating what he sees as the mistakes of the Iraq War, according to The New York Times.

　　“伊斯兰国”的威胁成为11月15日起在土耳其召开的二十国集团峰会的焦点。《纽约时报》分析说，最近几起恐怖袭击可能会敦促美国及其西方盟友对“伊斯兰国”采取更加激进的战略。奥巴马政府授意美军对叙利亚进行空袭，并派出若干小组军队作为顾问，推动地面打击叙利亚和伊拉克的“伊斯兰国”。不过，《纽约时报》认为，奥巴马强烈反对向该地区增派更多军队，是为了避免重蹈伊拉克战争的覆辙。